Second world war ‘brain’ bunker in cliffs of Dover opens to public
A pioneering command bunker ordered by Winston Churchill and buried four meters deep into the white cliffs of Dover has opened to the public after being kept secret for decades.
The Fan Bay plotting room, encased in concrete, housed the first land-based computer-aided targeting system that acted as a 'brain' for a gun battery used to defend Dover and attack German ships in the Channel. Jon Stewart, who led the excavation project for the National Trust, was the first person to enter the bunker when it was rediscovered in 2017 after being secretly mothballed in 1957 and classified until 1981.
Churchill's Initiative
The plotting room and the artillery it controlled can be directly traced to Winston Churchill. Soon after his 'fight them on the beaches' speech, he visited the Kent coast and was alarmed to observe enemy ships passing through the strait of Dover unchallenged. At the same time, Dover was on the frontline of a Britain facing regular bombardment by enemy guns in occupied France.
In a July 1940 memo, Churchill wrote: 'We have to fight for command of the straits by artillery, to destroy the enemy batteries and fortify our own.' He ordered the most advanced technology to be used and demanded weekly updates on progress on Dover's new defences. The guns were ready within 100 days and the plotting room bunker was completed 64 days later.
The guns were known around here as Churchill's pets.
Advanced Technology
Physical traces of the urgency of the construction were still visible at the site, with rough openings through the walls and floors for cabling. Contemporary accounts describe how the equipment was installed before drawings governing its layout were available.
The plotting room housed a 1.8-metre-long electromechanical computer known as a fire direction table. It was used to calculate the position of moving ships when shells hit and to send firing instructions to gun crews. The computer was deliberately destroyed in 1957 to stop it falling into enemy hands.
Preserving History
Up to 10 people at a time worked in the plotting room. Stewart is keen to make contact with anyone who had family members who served there, to help understand how the machine worked. 'What we know about it is based on a manual and ghost markings on the floor. I would really love to hear if anybody knows if their family members served at Fan Bay because the records are scant.'
The identities of only a handful of people who operated the computer are known. They include Wallas Eaton, an actor who later appeared as Senator Ludicrus Sextus in the TV comedy series Up Pompeii, alongside Frankie Howerd. A man named WP Bryant, a lance bombardier, was also recorded as a plotter at Fan Bay. 'He was a tailor so he probably had a head for numbers,' said Stewart.
There's something very special about standing in a place that has changed so little since the people who worked here left. Rather than recreate the past, we've carefully conserved the plotting room so visitors can experience it much as we found it, with all the marks of its history still visible. It's a rare opportunity to discover a completely different side of the white cliffs.
The plotting room, which can now be visited via National Trust guided tours through a hatch in a field, has been preserved as Stewart and his team found it. Remnants include old newspapers found on the floor, old shoes and official notices. There is also chalked graffiti on one of the service tunnels saying 'heroes fan hole Dodds and Petitt'.
Related
