Can Russia compete with the US, China and the EU in Africa?

At a recent summit in Moscow, President Vladimir Putin pledged to nearly double trade with African nations to more than $50bn. He accused Western powers of driving Africans into 'debt bondage,' promising a fairer economic partnership. Despite Russia's military presence in several African countries, its businesses have maintained far less influence on the continent.

Moscow's economic pitch to African nations is broad, offering grain, weapons, nuclear plants and factories. However, previous trade ambitions remain unmet, with Russia conducting less trade with all of Africa combined than with Belarus alone.

African leaders are increasingly seeking partnerships that deliver local industries, technology and jobs, demanding a greater share of the wealth generated from their continent's resources. As sanctions increase Moscow's need for international partners, African governments may gain more bargaining power in these negotiations.